An annotated list of
Lady Beetles ("Ladybugs") of South-Central U.S.

• Subfamily Sticholotidinae

Genus Cephaloscymnus

     Cephaloscymnus occidentalis Horn - "Horn's Large-headed Lady" - southmost Texas, AZ to s. CA

     Cephaloscymnus zimmermanni australis Gordon - "Southern Large-headed Lady" - central TX to AZ

     Cephaloscymnus zimmermanni zimmermanni Crotch - "Zimmermann's Large-headed Lady" - e. US 

Genus Delphastus  

  
     Delphastus pusillus (LeConte) - "Whitefly Predator" - e. US

Genus Gnathoweisea

     Gnathoweisea texana Gordon - "Bell Lady" - common on Juniper in May in central Texas.

     Gnathoweisea micula Gordon - "Deming Lady" - Three records from AZ and NM

Genus Microweisea

     Microweisea sp.

     Microweisea minuta (Casey) - "Minute Lady" - central to south Texas

     Microweisea misella (LeConte) - "Micro Lady" - e. TX, N. Amer. to Pacific NW

• Subfamily Scymninae

Genus Zilus

Genus Zagloba 

Genus Stethorus - Acarophagous

     Stethorus sp.

     Stethorus caseyi Gordon & Chapin - "Casey's Lady" - central to south Texas, west to AZ and s. UT.

     Stethorus histrio Chazeau - Non-Native species found at two sites in the Texas Panhandle, Amarillo and near Hart. This is an Old World sp. that's also present in Chile and Mexico.

     Stethorus nigripes Kapur - Non-Native species common in the TX Panhandle and western OK and KS. Native to Australia.

     Stethorus pinachi Gordon & Chapin - "Carrizo Lady" - only known from type locality, Carrizo Springs, Dimmit Co., Texas

     Stethorus punctum (LeConte) - "Spider Mite Destroyer" - northern Great Plains to OK and east to the Atlantic coast as well as along the west coast.

     Stethorus utilis (Horn) - "Useful Lady" - coastal plains from Brownsville to FL and NC.

Genus Nephaspis 

Genus Cryptolaemus

Genus Didion

Genus Scymnus - Predators of soft scales (coccids) and aphids

• all orange pronotum

 

  
     Scymnus (Pullus) semiruber Horn - "Vested Lady" - Bastrop and Lamar Counties, e. US

     Scymnus (Pullus) nemorivagus Wingo - "Arkansas Lady" - OK, AR, MO, and SC records, but not known from TX. - rare sp.

• boldly patterned spp.

     Scymnus (Pullus) enochrus Gordon  - "Golden Lady" - Trans-Pecos, c. AZ. known from less than 10 spmns.

 
     Scymnus (Pullus) loewii Mulsant - "Dusky Lady" - Common from n. to c. TX, Range: e. US to Calif., south to S. Amer.

     Scymnus (Pullus) pallens LeConte - "Leathery Lady" - Trans-Pecos, sw US to OR

 
     Scymnus (Scymnus) circumspectus Horn - "Circumspect Lady" - one record near Palestine, TX, e. to AL, n. to MO. Only e. N. Amer. Scymnus sp. w/ pale spot on each elytron.

     Scymnus (Pullus) pacificus Crotch - "Pacific Lady" - Trans-Pecos, sw US, most records from throughout Calif.

• pale apical elytral tips

     Scymnus (Pullus) brullei Mulsant - "Brullé Lady" - Brownsville, Austin, Dallas, e. N. Amer.

 
     Scymnus (Pullus) rubricaudus Casey - "Red-tailed Lady" - Corpus Christi to Dallas, e. US - rare

 
     Scymnus (Pullus) louisianae J. Chapin - "Louisiana Lady" -  widely dist. c. TX to LA, plus scattered s. US records. One of the most common Scymnus sp. in the TAMUIC and LSAM.

     Scymnus (Pullus) fraternus LeConte - "Friendly Lady" - one historical record from College Station, TX, scattered Great Plains records, e. US - rare

 
     Scymnus (Pullus) secures J. Chapin - "Coastal Scymnus Lady" - coastal sp. from LA to FL to MA. No known TX records. - common in coastal LA

     Scymnus (Pullus) gilae Casey - "Gila Lady" - c. CA to AZ, plus one NM record.

• pronotum entirely black

     Scymnus (Pullus) compar Casey - "Incomparable Lady" - c. TX, e. N. Amer. - 4 spmns coll'ed on Juniper ashei in c. TX March-May.

  
     Scymnus (Pullus) tenebrosus Mulsant - "Darkling Lady" - College Station to e. N. Amer.

     Scymnus (Pullus) ardelio Horn - "Wet Lady" - Trans-Pecos, w. US - Type

     Scymnus (Pullus) puncticollis LeConte - - Present in LA and e. US, but no known TX records - Type

• spp. not reliably differentiated except by dissection
  

     Scymnus (Pullus) caudalis LeConte - "Caudal Lady" - Two TX records, Brownsville and Dallas, plus scattered e. N. Amer. records to Manitoba.

             
               Scymnus (Pullus) creperus Mulsant - "Creepy Lady" - Throughout TX, se US to NM. one of the most common Scymnus sp. in the TAMUIC.

 
     Scymnus (Pullus) horni Gorham - "Horn Lady" - Hidalgo Co. to central TX to CA, extremely common in w. TX.

     Scymnus (Pullus) garlandicus Casey - "Garland Lady" - limited records in the central Rockies, including Santa Fe, NM

 
     Scymnus (Pullus) socer LeConte - "Soccer Lady" - central TX to NJ

     Scymnus (Pullus) uncus Wingo - "Hooked Lady" - rarely coll'ed sp. with scattered e. US records to AB. One record from Kerrville, TX.

     Scymnus (Scymnus) apicanus J. Chapin - "Apex Lady" - one record from Del Rio area, e. US to Alberta

 
     Scymnus (Scymnus) indianensis Weise - "Indiana Lady" - Houston-FL-NH

 
     Scymnus (Scymnus) p. paracanus J. Chapin - "Paracanus Lady" - east TX, se US

• no photos
  

     Scymnus (Pullus) aridus Casey - "Dry Lady" - El Paso, w. US

     Scymnus (Pullus) cockerelli Casey - "Cockerell Lady" - El Paso, sw US

     Scymnus (Pullus) gilae Casey - "Gila Lady" - c. CA to AZ, plus one NM record.

     Scymnus (Pullus) howdeni Gordon - "Howden Lady" - Big Bend National Park - very rare sp.

     Scymnus (Pullus) nugator Casey - "Jest Lady" - AZ to w. TX plus a few records further north.

     Scymnus (Pullus) pauculus Gordon - "Big Bend Lady" - Big Bend National Park, c. AZ (Oracle) - very rare sp.

     Scymnus (Pullus) uteanus Casey - "Utah Lady" - NV-OK-SD-UT

Genus Nephus 

 
     Nephus flavifrons (Melsheimer) - "Rear-spot Lady" - e. US to RGV and Latimer Co., OK. Also se AZ. 

     Nephus guttulatus (LeConte) - "San Franscisco Lady" - Most records from CA, but scattered sw US and Trans-Pecos records. 

     Nephus intrusus (Horn) - "Intrusive Lady" - south Texas to SD, e. US

 
     Nephus sordidus (Horn) - "Dirty Lady" - Trans-Pecos, w. N. Amer.


     Nephus timberlakei Gordon - "Timberlake's Bicolored Lady" - San Angelo, Brownsville, TX

     Nephus (Scymnobius) sp.

Genus Diomus 

     Diomus amabilis (LeConte) - "Amiable Lady" - e. US to e. TX.

     Diomus debilis (LeConte) - "Weak Lady" - widely scattered records, but most from southwest.

     Diomus liebecki (Horn) - "Liebeck Lady" - Recorded from OK and e. N. Amer., but apparently absent from se. US. One literature record from Bentsen-Rio Grande Valley State Park.

 
     Diomus pseudotaedatus Gordon - "Non-disgusting Lady" - Cameron and Hidalgo counties, south Texas, plus 5 spmns from east Mexico. - SGCN

 
     Diomus terminatus (Say) - "Yellow-tip Lady" - Brownsville to Del Rio to Wichita Falls, e. US


     Diomus texanus Gordon - "West Texas Lady" - Green Gulch, Chisos Basin, BBNP, and Ft. Davis, west Texas.

Genus Selvadius 

     Selvadius sp. - Hidalgo Co., possible new US record

     Selvadius megacephalus (Fall) - "Pasadena Lady" - Five locality records from s. CA to NM.

     Selvadius nunenmacheri Gordon - "Nunenmacher Lady" - WY(2), CO(2), AZ(1), and OK(1), but no identified TX records.

Genus Helesius 

     Helesius nubilans Casey - "Stormy Lady" - nr. Lubbock to Brownsville. TX, known from four spmns coll'ed ca. 1897 to 1969.

Genus Thalassa

   
     Thalassa montezumae Mulsant - "Montezuma Lady" -  Houston, Brownsville, se AZ; introduced into FL / Mex. to S. Amer.

Genus Hyperaspis - Predators of mealybugs and soft scales (coccids)

   
     Hyperaspis globula Casey - "Globular Lady" - Cameron and Hidalgo Counties, southmost Texas

    Hyperaspis proba (Say) - "The Good Lady" - Trans-Pecos to New England and SD

  
     Hyperaspis rivularis Dobzhansky - "Rival Lady" - Known from AR(3), IL(1), KY(1), MO(6) and LA(1).

    
     Hyperaspis weisei Schaeffer - "Weise Lady" (pronounced, "Vice Lady") - Known from RGV and Davis Mtns.

  
    Hyperaspis binotata (Say) - "Doubly-noted Lady" - Common, widespread e. N. Amer. to LA and OK. Requires disection of male genitalia to confirm ID.

  
    Hyperaspis haematosticta Fall - "Blood-spotted Lady" - Four locality records from AZ and NM.

 
    Hyperaspis inedita Mulsant - "Unedited Lady" - recorded from LA & OK, and scattered se US, but no TX record as yet.

 
     Hyperaspis lewisi Crotch - "Lewis Lady" - e. US to southmost Texas

   
     Hyperaspis octonotata Casey - "Eight-spot Lady" - sw US to southmost TX

    signata group      

            
               Hyperaspis conviva Casey - "Lively Lady" - Reported from OK and LA, but not TX. Occurs across se US, up the Atlantic seaboard, and back across s. Canada.

            
               Hyperaspis pistillata Watson - "Pistol Lady" - Elytron with one or 2 yellow or red spots - coastal plain from LA to FL to MA, but not listed in Chapin (1974).

              
               Hyperaspis signata (Olivier) - e. US to e. TX

          
               Hyperaspis signata bicentralis Casey - "Bicentral Lady" - c. TX to Houston to OK

    bigeminata group

     Hyperaspis bigeminata (Randall) - "Bigeminy Lady" - Common from Dallas to San Antonia to Houston, to e. NA.

     Hyperaspis deludens Gordon - "Deceptive  Lady" - AR, IL, OH (one record each)

  
      Hyperaspis gemina LeConte - "Double-yellow Lady" - scattered se. US records: GA to VA, and OK

   
     Hyperaspis lateralis Mulsant - "Lateral Lady" - fairly common in Dallas area, ranges through w. N. Amer. Pattern highly variable.

   
     Hyperaspis levrati (Mulsant) - "Levrat Lady" - se AZ, Del Rio, TX / Mex.

 
     Hyperaspis lugubris (Randall) - "Mourning Lady" - Lake Brownwood State Park to New Mexico, north to ND and MN

 
     Hyperaspis medialis Casey - "Medial Lady" - se AZ, Alpine and Brownsville, TX

  
    Hyperaspis revocans Casey - "Revoked Lady" - c. CA to sc. NM

 
     Hyperaspis triangulum Casey - "Triad Lady" - Trans-Pecos, se AZ

   
     Hyperaspis wickhami Casey - "Wickham Lady" - central Texas at least to c. Mex.

 
     Hyperaspis connectens (Thunberg) - "Connected Lady" - mostly e. TX to RGV, ranges across southern tier of states, south to C. Amer.

   
     Hyperaspis rotunda Casey - "Rotund Lady" - southmost Texas (AZ records likely in error) - SGCN

 
     Hyperaspis conspirans Casey - "Conspired Lady" - AZ, Davis and Chisos Mtns

   
     Hyperaspis fastidiosa Casey - "Fastidious Lady" - Widely dist. west of the Rockies, plus two records from NM

   
     Hyperaspis gemma Casey - "Lady Bud Beetle" - s. Calif. to Alpine, TX

  
     Hyperaspis cruenta LeConte - "Bloody Lady" - s. NM to Dallas

 
    Hyperaspis significans Casey - "Significant Lady" - s. CA to sw NM

  
     Hyperaspis bensonica Casey - "Benson Lady" - s. CA, se AZ, Davis Mtns. (Named for Benson, AZ, not Bentsen State Park)

 
     Hyperaspis caseyi Gordon - "Red-lined Lady" - sw US to Dallas, plus one WA record

   
     Hyperaspis inflexa Casey - "Curvy Lady" - widely distributed across N. Amer. Mostly coll'ed on Juniper during c. TX arboreal surveys.

 
    Hyperaspis pleuralis Casey - "Side-spot Lady" - mostly w. US, plus Trans-Pecos and Pt. Isabel.

 
     Hyperaspis schaefferi Gordon - "Schaeffer Lady" - Brownsville, Goliad, and Columbus, TX

   
     Hyperaspis imitator Gordon - "Imitation Lady" - known from 2 spmns coll'ed in c. TX: Bexar Co. in 1947 and Uvalde Co. in 1986.

   
     Hyperaspis punctata LeConte - "Low Punctate Lady" - sc NM to s. TX, n. to OK

 
     Hyperaspis quadrivittata LeConte - "Four-lined Lady" - w. N. Amer. Included here due to one known record from c. New Mexico.

     Hyperaspis trifurcata Schaeffer - "Trident Lady" - Dallas to RGV, fairly common in c. TX, plus a few western records

  
     Hyperaspis n. sp. (Det. R. Gordon, by dissection) - "Six-spotted Lady" - only known from seven spmns from Latimer Co., Oklahoma

     
     Hyperaspis n. sp. - "Pink Lady" - southmost TX (Santa Ana NWR) - New US Record

Genus Hyperaspidius

  
    Hyperaspidius spp. - Given the range of inter- and intraspecific species variation, the majority of members of this genus can not be reliably determined without dissection.

     Hyperaspidius comparatus Casey - "Comparative Lady" - British Columbia to sw US.

    Hyperaspidius ingenitus Casey - "Ingenious Lady" - Only known from Las Cruces, southcentral New Mexico.

    Hyperaspidius insignis Casey - "Well-marked Lady" - Known from OK to CO.

  
    Hyperaspidius nanellus Gordon - "Pale Dwarf Lady" - southmost TX to OK (Cameron, Brown, Burleson, Edwards and Latimer counties)

    Hyperaspidius marginatus (Gaines) - "Marginal Lady" - Welder Wildlife Refuge, Sinton to Latimer Co., OK. Type Locality: College Station.

 
    Hyperaspidius oblongus Casey - "Oblong Lady" - El Paso, Columbus, and San Diego. (Plus Crane Co., det. J. E. Wappes, 1997)

    Hyperaspidius shauli Nunenmacher - "Shaul's Lady" - Only known from type locality in the Texas Panhandle.

     Hyperaspidius vittigerus (LeConte) - "Vittate Lady" - se NM to Alberta where it's the most common member of the genus. Three historical records from College Station that need confirmation.

Genus Brachiacantha - live underground where they prey on scale insects found in ant nests. mostly found on oaks in c. TX arboreal sureys.

• Banded species

    
    Brachiacantha barberi Gordon - "Barber Lady" - Widespread across c. and s. TX per spmns in the TAMUIC

     Brachiacantha decora Casey - "Decorated Lady" - c. AZ, southern half of TX, s. FL / Mex. to S. Amer.

     
     Brachiacantha dentipes (Fabricius) - "Carolina Lady" - Records from NM, OK, AR, and LA, plus one historical record from e. TX. Widely dist. across e. US.

   
 
     Brachiacantha quadrillum LeConte - "Four-spot Lady" - Red River to Rio Grande

     Brachiacantha subfasciata Mulsant - "Semi-banded Lady" - central to south TX, se AZ

• Spotted Species

 
     Brachiacantha testudo Casey - "Turtle Lady" - c. to s. TX

   
    Brachiacantha decempustulata (Melsheimer) - "Ten-spot Lady" - e. N. Amer., one TX record from Concan, Uvalde Co.

 
    Brachyacantha uteella Casey - "Little Ute Lady" western N. Amer., one NM record, Santa Fe

   
     Brachiacantha lepida Mulsant - "Hourglass Lady" - pre-1873 historical literature record for "Texas". Sp. occurs in northern Tamaulipas, ne. Mexico to C. Amer.

Subfamily Chilocorinae - Predators of scales

       Genus Brumoides - wide ranging variable sp. with three named subspecies

       Genus Axion -  Scale predators

     Axion plagiatum (Olivier) - "Spot-sided Lady" - Uncommon in TX, LA,OK, occurs west to to CA and OR.

     Axion tripustulatum (DeGeer) - "Pimple Lady" - east TX, e US

Genus Exochomus - Predators of mealybugs and scales

 
     Exochomus aethiops (Bland) - "Burnt Lady" - w. US to Jeff Davis Co. and Lubbock (s.CA-w.TX-w.SD-s.AB)

     Exochomus childreni guexi LeConte - "Guex Lady" - c. & s. TX to LA
     (Exochomus childreni childreni Mulsant - Florida)

     Exochomus marginipennis (J. E. LeConte) - "Children-esque Lady" - e. TX, e. US (only Fig. h occurs in Texas, elytral punctation coarse vs. childreni)

     Exochomus subrotundus Casey - "Semi-rotund Lady" - sw US to w. TX

Genus Chilocorus

==
     Chilocorus cacti (Linnaeus) - "Cactus Lady" - dorsal spots may be large or small, it's the vental pattern that's diagnostic. widely dist. across s. US

 
     Chilocorus stigma (Say) - "Twice-stabbed Lady" - mostly coll'ed on oaks during c. TX arboreal surveys. most of N. Amer., (except w. coast)

     Curinus coeruleus (Mulsant) - "Blue Lady" - No Texas records, but occurs in Nuevo Leon, Mexico to S. Amer., also FL and Cuba

• Subfamily Coccidulinae

Genus Rhyzobius

                Rhyzobius lophanthae (Blaisdell) - "Purlple Scale Predator" - Non-Native - se US to CA

Genus Novius

Genus Azya

Subfamily Coccinellinae - Typically Aphidophagous

       Genus Macronaemia

       Genus Paranaemia

Genus Naemia 

     Naemia seriata (Melsheimer) - "Seaside Lady" - Atlantic Coast from Brownsville, TX to New Brunswick, Canada. Feeds on both insects and pollen.

Genus Coleomegilla 

  
     Coleomegilla maculata (Degeer) - "Pink Spotted Lady" - e. NA to sw US / Mex. to S. Amer. / Cuba
Prey generalist feeding on wdie variety of aphids, but also chrysomelid and lepidopteran eggs and larvae as well as pollen. Prefers moist habitats where it can be locally abundant.

     Coleomegilla maculata fuscilabris (Mulsant) - coastal Louisiana to Florida and South Carolina
     Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake - e. N. Amer.
     Coleomegilla maculata strenua (Casey) - sw US

Recent research suggests the above subspecies may be full species. (Krafsur and Obrycki 2000), (Perez and Hoy 2002)

Genus Hippodamia - Predacious on aphids on grasses

• Species with convergent pronotal lines

  
     Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville - "Convergent Lady" - throughout US and sw Canada. May be abundant in or near argo-ecosystems.

  
    Hippodamia glacialis glacialis (Fabricius) - "Glacial Lady" - (Fig. a, b) - e US, except se US: OK-VA-MA-ND
    Hippodamia glacialis lecontei Mulsant - "LeConte Lady" - (Fig. c-e) - sw US to AB-SK

  
     Hippodamia quindecimmaculata Mulsant - "Fifteen-spotted Lady" - LA, AR, NE, CO, but most records in the Upper Mid-West. No confirmed Texas records.

     Hippodamia quinquesignata (Kirby) - "Five-spot Lady" - NM plus one report from Latimer Co., OK. Most records from w. N. Amer., with scatterd e. N. Amer. records. No confirmed TX records.

  
    Hippodamia sinuata crotchi Casey - "Sinuate Lady" - Texas Panhandle, western N. Amer.

• Species without convergent pronotal lines

• Apex of elytron with sutural margin black
  

  
    Hippodamia apicalis Casey - "Black-apical Lady" - s. CA to CO to BC. Range touches northwestern New Mexico.

    
     Hippodamia expurgata Casey - “Expurgate Lady” - Ranges though the Rocky Mountain west, including most of New Mexico. Not separable from apicalis without dissection.

• Apex of elytron with sutural margin never black

 
     Hippodamia parenthesis (Say) - "Parenthesis Lady" - Across US to e AK. but absent from se US.

  
     Hippodamia tredecimpunctata (Linnaeus) - "Thirteen-spot Lady" - no TX records, but Karl Stephan recorded 2 spmns from Latimer Co., OK and Chapin (1974) recorded it from three counties in AR. Ranges across n. US and Canada. Habitat: reed beds and marches.

Genus Adalia

      Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus) - "Two-spot Lady" - still present in New Mexico, w. N. Amer. Historical records from AR, LA, OK and TX. Present range in and around boreal forests. Predatory on aphids of trees and shrubs. 

Genus Coccinella - Aphidophagous

 
     Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus - "Seven-spot Lady" - Non-Native - throughout N. Amer. and Texas. Found mostly on Juniper during c. TX arboreal surveys. This widely distributed species has induced other members of the genus to retreat to in or near boreal forests.

 
     Coccinella novemnotata Herbst - "Nine-spot Lady" - Apparently never common in Texas, most recently collect in 1978 in Huntsville. Historical records from Amarillo and Dallas. Currently limited to w. N. Amer., upper midwest, and Long Island, NY

  
     Coccinella monticola Mulsant - "Mountain Lady" - formerly common in NM. Still present in CO. and in Nuevo Leon, MX. No TX records.

 
     Coccinella transversoguttata Mulsant - "Transverse Lady" - Two historical records from San Antonio and Colorado Co., TX (Dobzhansky 1931) Still present in NM. Inhabits broad-leaved trees and shrubs.

  
     Coccinella trifasciata Linnaeus - "Three-banded Lady" - One historical state record (possibly from Amarillo?) and one record from northern NM (Dobzhansky 1931). Still present across northern US and southern Canada to Alaska. Inhabits grasses and shruby vegetation.

Genus Cycloneda 

   
     Cycloneda munda (Say) - "Orange Lady" - central TX and north, e. US

   
     Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus) - "Red Lady" - mostly central TX and south, CA to VA, but mostly CA, TX, FL

    Cycloneda polita (Casey) - "Polished Lady" - New Mexico and west, mostly west coast.

Genus Harmonia 

 
     Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) - "Harmonia Beetle" - Non-Native - throughout N. Amer., though relatively uncommon in the Rocky Mtn states.

Genus Anatis - Aphidophagous

 
     Anatis labiculata (Say) - "Greater Fifteen-spot" - e. N. Amer. to c. TX, absent from se coast. Few modern TX records.

 
     Anatis lecontei Casey - "Giant Lady" - Guadalupe Mountains, and Rocky Mountain region

Genus Myzia - Aphidophagous, usually on conifers

 
     Myzia interrupta (Casey) - "Pumpkin Lady" - Trans-Pecos, w. N. Amer.

     Myzia pullata (Say) - "Front-spotted Lady" - Dallas, College Station, e. N. Amer. to Alberta

Genus Neda

 
     Neda marginatis (Mulsant) - "Neda Lady" - Rare historical stray to shouthmost Texas, common in ne Mexico. Ranges to C. Amer.

Genus Paraneda

=
    Paraneda pallidula (Mulsant) - "Pale Lady" - Range: ne Mexico to S. Amer. No Texas records.

Genus Olla 

     
     Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant) - "Ashy Gray Lady" - Common across Texas, mostly southern half of US, south to S. Amer.

Genus Neoharmonia - Feeds on chrysomelid eggs and larvae

   
     Neoharmonia venusta ampla (Mulsant) -  "(Western) Charming Lady"  - southmost TX to AZ - uncommon

     
    Neoharmonia venusta venusta (Melsheimer) - "(Eastern) Charming Lady" - c. TX to e. US.

Genus Mulsantina

     Mulsantina luteodorsa J. Chapin - "Clay Lady" - Just east of the TX-LA border to sw NC, plus one record from n. VA. No known TX records.

 
     Mulsantina quinquelineata (Mulsant) - "Five-lined Lady" - AZ-NM-CO-UT / to c. Mex. Not treated in Gordon (1985)

 
     Mulsantina picta (Randall) - "Painted Lady" - Trans-Pecos, mostly w. N. Amer. with scattered e. N. Amer. records. Formerly widely distributed across N. Amer. Another species mostly reduced to habitats in or near boreal forests.


    Mulsantina lynx (Mulsant) - "Lynx Lady" - Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, Mexico to Guatemala. Chapin (1985) lists the following record that is partly, if not wholly in error: "Michoacan: Patzcuaro, on orchid at Laredo, Tex."


    Mulsantina mexicana J. Chapin - "Chapin's Mexican Lady" - Coahuila and Nuevo Leon to Oaxaca, Mexico

Genus Psyllobora -  Feeds on powdery mildews (Mycetophagous)

    Psyllobora parvinotata Casey - "Small-spotted Lady" - Coastal Louisiana to Florida


    Psyllobora plagiata Schaeffer - "Saddle-bag Lady" - se AZ, Trans-Pecos, rarely collected

 
     Psyllobora renifer Casey - "Renifer Lady" - From along CA-NV border to LA, Rio Grande to Red River in TX. One record from OK Panhandle, but uncommon outside of the southern half of Texas where it occurs from Feb. to Nov. Chapin (1974) reports it occurring widely in LA.

     Psyllobora vigintimaculata (Say) - "Twenty-spot Lady" - Occurs north and east of San Antonio in TX, widely dist. across N. Amer. to Alaska. Seems to be most common in coastal states.

Subfamily Epilachninae - Feeds on plants in the families Solonaceae, Curcurbitaceae, and Fabaceae

Genus Epilachna 

     Epilachna borealis (Fabricius) - "Squash Beetle" - e. US to Kerrville, TX. No new TX records in the TAMUIC since the 1970s.

  
     Epilachna tredecimnotata (Latreille) - "Thirteen-spot Lady" - se. AZ, Trans-Pecos, southmost TX, s. to S. Amer. - rarely collected. No TX records in the TAMUIC since the 1970s.

  
     Epilachna varivestis Mulsant - "Mexican Bean Beetle" - Historical records from S. and W. TX, mostly occurs in ne. US with a few scattered sw records.

     Epilachna mexicana (Guérin-Méneville) - "Bold Lady" - Common variable species from ne. Mexico to S. Amer., no Texas records.

Primary References:

• Literature
  

Chapin, J.B. 1974. The Coccinellidae of Louisiana (Insecta: Coleoptera). Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 682: 2-87. [Full Text]

Gaines, J.C. 1933. Notes on Texas Coccinellidae. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 28(5): 211-215. [Full Text]

Gordon, R.D. 1976. The Scymnini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the United States and Canada: Key to Genera and Revision of Scymnus, Nephus, and Diomus. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences 28: 1-362.

Gordon, R.D. 1985. The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of America north of Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 93(1): 1-912. [Full Text]

Quinn, M.A. 2000. Abundance and distribution of potential arthropod prey species in a typical Golden-cheeked Warbler habitat. Unpublished Thesis. Texas A&M University, College Station. ix + 182 pp. [Link]

Rouse, E.P., and J.B. Chapin. 1976. A checklist of the Coccinellidae of Arkansas. Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science 30: 76-77.[ Full PDF]

Vandenberg, N.J. 2002. Coccinellidae Latreille 1807. Pp. 371-389. In: Arnett, R.H., Jr., et. al. (Eds.), American Beetles. Vol. 2. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

• Collections visited for data and specimen photos
  

EGRC - Edward G. Riley Collection, College Station, TX

FMNH - Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL

FSCA - Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL

OSUC - C.A. Triplehorn Insect Collection, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

SNMC - Sam Noble Museum - Recent Invertebrates, Oklahoma University, Norman, OK

TAMUIC - Texas A&M University Insect Collection, College Station, TX - Many specimens were determined by Dr. Joan B. Chapin.

USNM - U.S. National Museum, Smithsonian, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.

UTIC - University of Texas Insect Collection, Austin, TX

• Web Data
  

BugGuide - Iowa State University

Checklist of the Coleoptera of Oklahoma - Coccinellidae - Oklahoma State University

Family Coccinellidae - Pg. 96-99 In: Peck & Thomas, 1998. A distributional checklist of the beetles (Coleoptera) of Florida.

Illustrated Beetle Inventory of the Sabal Palm Sanctuary (Cameron Co., TX) - Edward G. Riley & Mike Quinn, 2011

Illustrated Beetle Inventory of Lick Creek Park, College Station, Texas - Edward G. Riley, 2011

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Fauna Project - Val Bugh, Austin, Texas (updated weekly)

List of Coleoptera Collected in Latimer County, Oklahoma by Karl Stephan (2002)

Lost Ladybug Project - Research Findings - Cornell

Further Reading:

Acorn, J. 2007. Ladybugs of Alberta, Finding the Spots and Connecting the Dots. University of Alberta Press, Edmonton. xxx + 169 pp.

Adriano, G., N. Vandenberg, J. McHugh, J. Forrester, S. Slipinski, K. Miller, L. Shapiro, M. Whiting. 2009. The evolution of food preferences in Coccinellidae. Biological Control 51(2): 215-231.

Akbar, W., C.E. Carlton, and T.E. Reagan. Diomus terminatus (Say) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) life cycle, larval morphology, and potential as a biological control agent of the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 102(1): 96-103.

Alyokhin, A. and G. Sewell. 2004. Changes in a lady beetle community following the establishment of three alien species. Biological Invasions 6: 463-471.

Angelet, G.W. and R.L. Jacques. 1975. The establishment of Coccinella septempunctata L. in the Continental United States. USDA Cooperative Economic Insect Report 25: 883-884.

Angalet, G.W., J.M. Tropp, and A.N. Eggart. 1979. Coccinella septempunctata in the United States: recolonizations and notes on its ecology. Environmental Entomology, 8: 896–901.

Balduf, W.V. 1935. The Bionomics of Entomophagous Coleoptera. Chicago, New York, St. Louis. 220 pp.

Banks, C.J. 1957. The behaviour of individual coccinellid larvae on plants. The British Journal of Animal Behaviour 5: 12-24.

Belicek, J. 1976. Coccinellidae of western Canada and Alaska with analyses of the transmontane zoogeographic relationships between the fauna of British Columbia and Alberta (Insecta:Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae 12: 283-409.

Bennett, F.D. and R.D. Gordon. 1991. New Florida ladybeetles. Florida Entomologist 74: 598-599.

Bentley, B.L. 1977. Extrafloral nectaries and protection by pugnacious bodyguards. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 8: 407-427.

Biddinger, D., D. Weber, and L. Hull. 2009. Coccinellidae as predators of mites: Stethorini in biological control. Biological Control, 51: 268-283.

Blackman, R.L. 1965. Studies on specificity in Coccinellidae. Annals of Applied Biology 56: 336-38.

Blaisdell, F.E. 1892. A new species of Coleoptera from California. Entomological News 3: 51.

Bland, J.H.B. 1864. Descriptions of several new species of North American Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 3: 65-72.

Blatchley, W.S. 1910. An illustrated and descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera or beetles (exclusive of Rhynchophora) known to occur in Indiana. Nature Publishing Co., Indianapolis. 1385 pp.

Blatchley, W.S. 1917. On some new or noteworthy Coleoptera from the west coast of Florida. Canadian Entomologist 49: 137-143.

Bold, T.J. 1873. Note on the recent occurrence in Northumberland and Durham of the Camberwell Beauty Butterfly. Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club, Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle upon Tyne. 5: 30-34.

Boving, A. 1917. A generic synopsis of coccinellid larvae in the United States National Museum, with a description of the larva of Hyperaspis binotata Say. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 51: 621-650.

Bradley, G.A. 1973. Effect of Formica obscuripes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on the predator-prey relationship between Hyperaspis congressis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Toumeyella numismaticum (Homoptera: Coccidae). Canadian Entomologist 105: 1113-1118.

Brown, H.D. 1972. Predaceous behaviour of four species of coccinellidae (Coleoptera) associated with the wheat aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), in South Africa. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 124: 21-36.

Brown, W.J. 1940. Notes on the American distribution of some species of Coleoptera common to the European and North American continents. Canadian Entomologist 72: 65–78.

Brown, W.J. 1962. A revision of the forms of Coccinella L. occurring in America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Canadian Entomologist 94: 785–808.

Brown, W.J. and R. de Ruette. 1962. An annotated list of the Hippodamiini of Northern America, with a key to the genera (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). CanadianEntomologist 94: 643-652.

Brown, M.W., and S.S. Miller. 1998. Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in apple orchards of eastern West Virginia and the impact of invasion by Harmonia axyridis. Entomological News, 109: 143-151.

Bubienko, K. and D. Ciepielewska. 2010. Ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) on the beaches of Gdansk. Aphids and other hemipterous insects, 16: 119-125.

Burke, H.R., et al. 1997. Obituary: Jake C. Gaines (1903-1996). American Entomologist 43(3): 191. [PDF]

Cadotte, M.W., S.M. McMahon, and T. Fukami. 2006. Conceptual ecology and invasion biology: reciprocal approaches to nature. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands. xviii + 487 pp.

Carnes, E.K. 1912. Collecting ladybirds (Coccinellidae) by the ton. Monthly Bulletin of the State Commission of Horticulture, 1: 71-81.

Carroll, S.C., M.N. Parajulee, and M.D. Arnold. 2007. Survey of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) found on Texas high plains cotton, alfalfa and weeds. Proceedings of the World Cotton Conference (September 10–14, 2007), Lubbock, TX. [Manuscript]

Carnes, E.K. 1912. An explanation of the hibernating habits of Hippodamia convergens. Monthly bulletin (California. State Commission of Horticulture) 1: 177-188.

Cartwright, B.O., R.D. Eikenbary, G.W. Angalet & R. K. Campbell. 1979. Release and establishment of Coccinella septempunctata in Oklahoma. Environmental Entomology 8(5): 819-823.

Casey, T.L. 1899. A revision of the American Coccinellidae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 7: 71-169.

Casey, T.L. 1908. Notes on the Coccinellidae, The Canadian Entomologist 40: 393-421.

Casey, T.L. 1924. Additions to the known Coleoptera of North America. Mem. Coleoptera, 11: 1-347.

Chapin, E.A. 1946. Review of the New World species of Hippodamia Dejean (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106(11): 1-39.

Chapin, J.B. 1971. The Coccinellidae of Louisiana (Insecta: Coleoptera). Doctoral Dissertation. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. xiv + 214 pp.

Chapin, J.B. 1973. New species of lady beetles in the genera Scymnus and Mulsantina (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 66: 1071-1073.

Chapin, J.B. 1974. The Coccinellidae of Louisiana (Insecta: Coleoptera). Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 682: 2-87.

Chapin, J.B. 1985. Revision of the genus Mulsantina Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 78: 348-368.

Chapin, J.B., and V.A. Brou. 1991. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), the third species of the genus to be found in the United States (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 93(3): 630-635. Full PDF (First published report of this sp. for N. Amer.)

Chapman, J.A., Romer, J.I. & Stark, J. 1955. Ladybird beetles and army cutworm adults as food for grizzly bears in Montana. Ecology, 36: 156-158.

Chazeau, J., J. Étienne and H. Fürsch. 1974. Les Coccinellidae de l'Île de la Réunion (Insecta Coleoptera). Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle (3), 210(zoology 140): 265-297.

Clausen, C.P. 1916. Life-History and feeding records of a series of California Coccinellidae. University of California Publications, Entomology 1(6): 251-300.

Clausen, C.P. 1972. Entomophagous Insects. Hafner Publishing, New York. x + 688 pp.

Colautti, R.J. and H.J. MacIsaac. 2004. A neutral terminology to define ‘invasive’ species. Diversity and Distributions 10: 135-141.

Colunga-Garcia, M, and S.H. Gage. 1998. Arrival, establishment, and habitat use of the multicolored Asian lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in a Michigan landscape. Environmental Entomology. 27: 1574–1580.

Conway, H. E. and T. J. Kring. 2010 Coccinellids associated with the cotton aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in northeast Arkansas cotton. Journal of Entomological Science 45(2): 129-139.

Crotch, G.R. 1873. Revision of the Coccinellidae of the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 4: 363-382.

Crotch, G.R. 1874a. Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera from the Pacific Coast of the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 5: 73-80.

Crotch, G.R. 1874b. A revision of the Coleopterous family Coccinellidae. London, xvi + 311 pp.

Dailey, P.J., R.C. Graves, and J.M. Kingsolver. 1978. Survey of Coleoptera on the common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca, at one site in Ohio. The Coleopterists Bulletin 32: 223–229.

Davidson, L., E. Evans. 2010. Frass analysis of diets of aphidophagous lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Utah alfalfa fields. Environmental Entomology, 39(2): 576-582.

DeBach, P. (Ed.) 1964. Biological control of insect pests and weeds. Chapman and Hall, London. xxiv + 844 pp.

DeGeer, C. 1775. Memoires pour Servir a l'Histoire des Insectes. Vol. 5. Stockholm, 448 pp.

Denemark, E. and J. Losey. 2010. Causes and consequences of ladybug washups in the Finger Lakes region of New York State (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Entomologica Americana, 116: 78-88.

Dixon, A.F.G. 2000. Insect predator-prey dynamics: ladybird beetles and biological control. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. ix + 257 pp.

Dobzhansky, T. 1931. The North American beetles of the genus Coccinella. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 80(4): 1–32.

Dobzhansky, T. 1933. Geographical variation in ladybeetles. The American Naturalist 67: 97–126.

Dobzhansky, T. 1941. Beetles of the genus Hyperaspis inhabiting the United States. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 101(6): 1-94.

Douglass, J.R. 1930. Hibernation of the convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guer., on a mountain peak in New Mexico. Journal of Economic Entomology , 23: 288.

Doutt, R.L. 1958. Vice, virtue and the vedalia. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 4: 119–123.

Drea, J.J., Jr. 1956. A biological analysis of the California Chilocorini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

Dreistadt, S.H., K.S. Hagen, and L.G. Bezark. 1995. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), first western United States record for the Asiatic lady beetle. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 71: 135-136.

Edwards, J.G. 1957. Entomology above timberline: II. The attraction of ladybird beetles to mountain tops. Coleopterists’ Bulletin, 11: 41-46.

Elliott, N., R. Kieckhefer, and W. Kauffman. 1996. Effects of an invading coccinellid on native coccinellids in an agricultural landscape. Oecologia, 105(4): 537–544.

Elton, C.S. 1958. The ecology of invasions by animals and plants. Methuen Co., London. 181 pp.

Evans, E.W. 1991. Intra- versus inter-specific interactions of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) attacking aphids. Oecologia 87: 401–408.

Evans, E.W. 2000. Morphology of invasion: body size patterns associated with establishment of Coccinella septempunctata in western North America. European Journal of Entomology 97: 469–474.

Evans, E.W. 2004. Habitat displacement of North American ladybirds by an introduced species. Ecology 85: 637–647.

Evans, E.W. 2009. Lady beetles as predators of insects other than Hemiptera. Biological Control 51: 255-267.

Ewert, M.A. & H.C. Chiang. 1966. Dispersal of three species of coccinellids in corn fields. Canadian Entomologist 98: 999-1003.

Fabricius, J.C. 1775. Systema Entomologiae. Lipsiae, 832 pp.

Fall, H.C. 1907. [i]In[/i]: H.C. Fall, and T.D.A. Cockerell. The Coleoptera of New Mexico. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 33: 145-272.

Fauske, G.M., P.P. Tinerella, and D.A. Rider. 2003. A list of the lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of North Dakota with new records from North Dakota and Minnesota. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 76: 38-46.

Fenton, F.A. 1958. Seasonal distribution in Alfalfa of the Convergent Lady Beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guer. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science (for 1957) 38: 54-58.

Finlayson, C., A. Alyokhin, S. Gross, and E. Porter. 2010. Differential consumption of four aphid species by four lady beetle species. Journal of insect science, 10(31): 1–10.

Finlayson, C.J., A.V. Alyokhin, and E.W. Porter. 2009. Interactions of native and non-native lady beetle species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with aphid-tending ants in laboratory arenas. Environmental Entomology, 38(3): 846–855.

Flores, D., and J. Carlson. 2009. Fortuitous establishment of Rhyzobius lophanthae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Aphytis lingnanesis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in South Texas on the Cycad Aulacaspis Scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Southwestern Entomologist 34(4): 489-492.

Foley, I. A., M. A. Ivie, and P. M. Denke. 2009. The first state record for the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), from Montana. The Coleopterists Bulletin 63: 351–352.

Forbes, S.A. 1883. The food relations of the Carabidae and Coccinellidae. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History 6: 33-64.

Fothergill et al. 2010. First Arizona records of the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Coleopterists Bulletin 64 (1): 51-52.

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Frazier, B.D. and R.R. McGregor. 1992. Temperature-dependent survival and hatching rate of eggs of seven species of Coccinellidae. Canadian Entomologist 124(2): 305-312.

Gaines, J.C. 1933. Notes on Coccinellidae with a description of a new subspecies (Coleoptera). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 41: 263-264.

Gaines, J.C. 1933. Notes on Texas Coccinellidae. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 28(5): 211–215.

Gage, J.H. 1920. The larvae of the Coccinellidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 6: 232–294.

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Gordon, R.D. 1970a. New genera and species of Coccinellidae from the western United States (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 72: 42-50.

Gordon, R.D. 1970b. The genus Cephaloscymnus Crotch in North America (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 72: 66-70.

Gordon, R.D. 1970c. A review of the genus Microweisea Cockerell with a description of a new genus and species of Coccinellidae from North America (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 72:207-217.

Gordon, R.D. 1970d. A review of the genus Delphastus Casey (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 72:356-369.

Gordon, R.D. 1974. Notes on Neoharmonia Crotch (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the United States and Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 76: 165-171.

Gordon, R.D. 1976. The Scymnini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the United States and Canada: Key to Genera and Revision of Scymnus, Nephus, and Diomus. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences 28: 1-362.

Gordon, R.D. 1977. Classification and phylogeny of the New World Sticholotidinae (Coccinellidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 31(3): 185-228.

Gordon, R.D. 1985. The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of America north of Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 93(1): 1-912.

Gordon, R.D. 1987. The first North American records of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 95: 307–309.

Gordon, R.D. 1993. Stethorus nigripes Kapur new to North America, and a new synonym in Stethorus Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Southwest. Entomol. l8: 67-68.

Gordon, R.D. 1994. Arawana scapularis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in the United states and new locality records for species of Arawana. Entomological News 105(3): 133-136.

Gordon, R.D. 1994. South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) Part III: definition of Exoplectrinae Crotch, Azyinae Mulsant, and Coccidulinae Crotch; a taxonomic revision of Coccidulini. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 38, 681-775.

Gordon, R.D. and C. Canepari. 2008. South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Part XI: a systematic revision of Hyperaspidini (Hyperaspidinae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “G. Doria” XCIX: 245-512.

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Gordon, R.D. and N. Vandenberg. 1991. Field guide to recently introduced species of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in North America, with a revised key to north American genera of coccinellini. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 93: 845-867.

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Groden, E., F.A. Drummond, R.A. Casagrande, and D.L. Haynes. 1990. Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) its predation upon the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its incidence in potatoes and surrounding crops. Journal of Economic Entomology 83: 1306–1315.

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Hagen, K.S. 1962. Biology and ecology of predaceous Coccinellidae. Annual Review of Entomology 7: 289-326.

Hagen, K.S. 1974. The significance of predaceous Coccinellidae in biological and integrated control of insects. Entomophaga, Mem. Hors Ser. 7: 25-44.

Hall, D.G. 2001. Notes on the yellow sugarcane aphid Sipha flava (Homoptera: Aphididae) and the lady beetle Diomus terminatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Florida. The Journal of the American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists 21: 21-29.

Hämäläinen, M. and M. Markula. 1972. Effect of type of food on the fecundity in Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Annales Entomologici Fennici 38: 195-99.

Hamilton, R.M., E.B. Dogan, G.B. Schaalje, and G.M. Booth. 1999. Olfactory response of the lady beetle Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to prey related odors, including a scanning electron microscopy study of the antennal sensilla. Environmental Entomology 28: 812-822.

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Hawkes, O.A.M. 1926. On the massing of the ladybird, Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera), in the Yosemite Valley. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London, 1926: 693-705

Heape, W. 1931. Emigration, migration, and nomadism. W. Heffer and Sons, Cambridge, U.K. 369 pp.

Hentz, M.G. and G.S. Nuessly. 2002. Morphology and biology of Diomus terminatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a predator of Sipha flava (Homoptera: Aphididae). The Florida Entomologist 85: 276–279.

Hesler L.S. 2009. An annotated checklist of the lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of Iowa, U.S.A. Insecta Mundi 0091: 1-10.

Hesler, L.S., and R.W. Kieckhefer. 2008a. Status of exotic and previously common native coccinellids (Coleoptera) in South Dakota landscapes. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 81: 29-49.

Hesler, L.S., and R.W. Kieckhefer. 2008b. An annotated and updated species list of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of South Dakota. The Coleopterists Bulletin 62: 443-454.

Hesler, L.S., and J.D. Petersen. 2008. Survey for previously common native Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in the northern Great Plains. The Great Lakes Entomologist 41: 60-72.

Hodek, I. 1967. Bionomics and ecology of predaceous Coccinellidae.Annual Review of Entomology 12: 79-104.

Hodek, I. 1970. Coccinellids and the modern pest management. Bioscience 20: 543-552.

Hodek, I. 1973. Biology of Coccinellidae. Academia, Prague and W. Junk, The Hague. 260 pp.

Hodek I., and Honěk A. 1996. Ecology of Coccinellidae. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. xvi + 464 pp.

Hodek I., G. Iperti, and M. Hodkova. 1993. Long distance flights in Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). European Journal of Entomology 90: 403-414.

Hodek, I., H.F. van Emden & A. Honěk (eds). 2012. Ecology and behaviour of the ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae). Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Chichester, UK, 561 pp.

Hoebeke, E.R. and A.G. Wheeler. 1980. New distribution records of Coccinella septempunctata L. in the eastern United States (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 34: 209-212.

Hoelmer KA, Osborne LS, Yokomi RK. 1993. Reproduction and feeding behavior of Delphastus pusillus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a predator of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 86: 322-329.

Hoelmer, K.A. and C.H. Pickett. 2003. Geographic origin and taxonomic history of Delphastus spp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in commercial culture. Biocontrol Science and Technology 13: 529-535.

Honda, J.Y. and R.F. Luck. 1995. Scale morphology effects on feeding behavior and biological control potential of Rhyzobius lophanthae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 88(4): 441-450.

Honek, A. 1985. Habitat preferences of aphidophagous coccinellids. Entomophaga 30: 253-264.

Horn, G.H. 1895. Studies in Coccinellidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 22: 81-114.

Howard, L.O. 1925. Albert Koebele: an obituary. Journal of Economic Entomology 18(3): 556-562.

Howarth, F.G. 1991. Environmental impacts of classical biological control. Annual Review of Entomology 36: 485–509.

Hoy, M.A. and K.B. Smith. 1982. Evaluation of Stethorus nigripes [Col.: Coccinellidae] for biological control of spider mites in California almond orchards. Entomophaga 27: 301-310.

Iperti, G. 1999. Biodiversity of predaceous Coccinellidae in relation to bioindication and economic importance. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 74: 323-342.

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